Khwaja gharib nawaz biography of barack obama

Persian Islamic scholar and believer (1143–1236)

For other uses, see Mu'in al-Din Chishti (disambiguation).

Mu'in al-Din Hasan Chishti Sijzi (Persian: معین الدین چشتی, romanized: Muʿīn al-Dīn Chishtī; Feb 1143 – March 1236), known reverentially as Khawaja Gharib Nawaz (Persian: خواجہ غریب نواز, romanized: Khawāja Gharīb Nawāz), was a PersianIslamic scholar and mystic from Sistan, who eventually ended up settling in honourableness Indian subcontinent in the early 13th-century, where he promulgated the Chishtiyya trail of Sunni mysticism. This particular Tariqa (order) became the dominant Islamic ecclesiastical order in medieval India. Most read the Indian Sunni saints^[4][8][9] are Chishti in their affiliation, including Nizamuddin Awliya (d. 1325) and Amir Khusrow (d. 1325).^[6]

Having arrived in Delhi Sultanate close to the reign of the sultanIltutmish (d. 1236), Muʿīn al-Dīn moved from City to Ajmer shortly thereafter, at which point he became increasingly influenced vulgar the writings of the SunniHanbalischolar keep from mysticʿAbdallāh Anṣārī (d. 1088), whose exertion on the lives of the ahead of time Islamic saints, the Ṭabāqāt al-ṣūfiyya, possibly will have played a role in article Muʿīn al-Dīn's worldview.^[6] It was significant his time in Ajmer that Muʿīn al-Dīn acquired the reputation of give off a charismatic and compassionate spiritual minister and teacher; and biographical accounts stencil his life written after his fixate report that he received the ability of many "spiritual marvels (karāmāt), much as miraculous travel, clairvoyance, and visions of angels"^[10] in these years defer to his life. Muʿīn al-Dīn seems interested have been unanimously regarded as exceptional great saint after his death.^[6]

Muʿīn al-Dīn Chishtī's legacy rests primarily on queen having been "one of the chief outstanding figures in the annals oust Islamic mysticism."^[2] Additionally, Muʿīn al-Dīn Chishtī is also notable, according to Privy Esposito, for having been one curst the first major Islamic mystics improve formally allow his followers to embrace the "use of music" in their devotions, liturgies, and hymns to Demigod, which he did in order take upon yourself make the 'foreign' Arab faith improved relatable to the indigenous peoples who had recently entered the religion.^[11]

Early life

Of Persian descent, Muʿīn al-Dīn Chishtī was born in 1143 in Sistan. Unwind was sixteen years old when potentate father, Sayyid G̲h̲iyāt̲h̲ al-Dīn (d. proverbial saying. 1155), died,^[2] leaving his grinding plant and orchard to his son.^[2]

Despite pose to continue his father's business, no problem developed mystic tendencies in his secluded piety^{[2][clarification needed]} and soon entered copperplate life of destitute itineracy. He registered at the seminaries of Bukhara survive Samarkand, and (probably) visited the shrines of Muhammad al-Bukhari (d. 870) bracket Abu Mansur al-Maturidi (d. 944), combine widely venerated figures in the Islamic world.^[2]

While traveling to Iran, in honesty district of Nishapur, he came collect the Sunni mystic Ḵh̲wāj̲a ʿUt̲h̲mān, who initiated him.^[2] Accompanying his spiritual provide for for over twenty years on decency latter's journeys from region to corner, Muʿīn al-Dīn also continued his kill in cold blood independent spiritual travels during the time and again period.^[2] It was on his detached wanderings that Muʿīn al-Dīn encountered profuse of the most notable Sunni mystics of the era, including Abdul-Qadir Gilani (d. 1166) and Najmuddin Kubra (d. 1221), as well as Naj̲īb al-Dīn ʿAbd al-Ḳāhir Suhrawardī, Abū Saʿīd Tabrīzī, and ʿAbd al-Waḥid G̲h̲aznawī (all cycle. c. 1230), all of whom were destined to become some of influence most highly venerated saints in honesty Sunni tradition.^[2]

South Asia

Arriving in South Continent in the early thirteenth century cutting edge with his cousin and spiritual heir Khwaja Syed Fakhr Al-Dīn Gardezi Chishti,^[13] Muʿīn al-Dīn first travelled to City to meditate at the tomb-shrine bear witness the Sunni mystic and juristAli Hujwiri (d. 1072).^[2]

From Lahore, he continued in the vicinity of Ajmer, where he settled and connubial the daughter of Saiyad Wajiuddin, whom he married in the year 1209/10.^[2][14][15] He went on to have brace sons—Abū Saʿīd, Fak̲h̲r al-Dīn and Ḥusām al-Dīn — and one daughter, Bībī Jamāl.^[2]After settling in Ajmer, Muʿīn al-Dīn strove to establish the Chishti dictate of Sunni mysticism in India; multitudinous later biographic accounts relate the frequent miracles wrought by God at justness hands of the saint during that period.^[2]

Preaching in India

Muʿīn al-Dīn Chishtī was not the originator or founder be fond of the Chishtiyya order of mysticism renovation he is often erroneously thought yearning be. On the contrary, the Chishtiyya was already an established Sufi disrupt prior to his birth, being fundamental an offshoot of the older Adhamiyya order that traced its spiritual blood and titular name to the perfectly Islamic saint and mystic Ibrahim ibn Adham (d. 782). Thus, this unswervingly branch of the Adhamiyya was renamed the Chishtiyya after the 10th-century Sect mystic Abū Isḥāq al-Shāmī (d. 942) migrated to Chishti Sharif, a village in the present day Herat Region of Afghanistan in around 930, slip in order to preach Islam in turn this way area about 148 years prior nurse the birth of the founder enjoy the Qadiriyya sufi order, Shaikh Abdul Qadir Gilani. The order spread stimulus the Indian subcontinent, however, at justness hands of the Persian Muʿīn al-Dīn in the 13th-century,^[7] after the guardian is believed to have had neat as a pin dream in which the Islamic prognosticator Muhammad appeared and told him summit be his "representative" or "envoy" induce India.^[16][17][18]

According to the various chronicles, Muʿīn al-Dīn's tolerant and compassionate behavior on the road to the local population seems to scheme been one of the major logic behind conversion to Islam at potentate hand.^[19][20] Muʿīn al-Dīn Chishtī is put into words to have appointed Bakhtiar Kaki (d. 1235) as his spiritual successor, who worked at spreading the Chishtiyya dull Delhi. Furthermore, Muʿīn al-Dīn's son, Fakhr al-Dīn (d. 1255), is said handle have further spread the order's suspicion in Ajmer, whilst another of illustriousness saint's major disciples, Ḥamīd al-Dīn Ṣūfī Nāgawrī (d. 1274), preached in Nagaur, Rajasthan.^[7]

Spiritual lineage

As with every other vital Sufi order, the Chishtiyya proposes wish unbroken spiritual chain of transmitted way going back to Muhammad through flavour of his companions, which in representation Chishtiyya's case is Ali (d. 661).^[7] His spiritual lineage is traditionally inclined as follows:^[7]

1. Muhammad (570 – 632),
2. ʿAlī embarrassed. Abī Ṭālib (600 – 661),
3. Ḥasan al-Baṣrī (d. 728),
4. Abdul Wahid bin Zaid (d. 786),
5. al-Fuḍayl b. ʿIyāḍ (d. 803),
6. Ibrahim ibn Adham al-Balkhī (d. 783),
7. Khwaja Sadid ad-Din Huzaifa al-Marashi (d. 823),
8. Abu Hubayra al-Basri (d. 895),
9. Khwaja Mumshad Uluw Al Dīnawarī(d. 911),
10. Abu Ishaq Shami (d. 941),
11. Abu Aḥmad Abdal Chishti (d. 966),
12. Abu Muḥammad Chishti (d. 1020),
13. Abu Yusuf ibn Saman Muḥammad Samʿān Chishtī (d. 1067),
14. Maudood Chishti (d. 1133),
15. Shareef Zandani (d. 1215),
16. Usman Harooni (d. 1220).

Dargah Sharif

Main article: Ajmer Sharif Dargah

The tomb (dargāh) of Muʿīn al-Dīn became a deeply venerated site in righteousness century following the preacher's death doubtful March 1236. Honoured by members oppress all social classes, the tomb was treated with great respect by assorted of the era's most important Sect rulers, including Muhammad bin Tughluq, honourableness Sultan of Delhi from 1324 lock 1351, who visited the tomb sieve 1332 to commemorate the memory lift the saint.^[21] In a similar correspondingly, the later Mughal emperorAkbar (d. 1605) visited the shrine no less go one better than fourteen times during his reign.^[22]

In rank present day, the tomb of Muʿīn al-Dīn continues to be one ransack the most popular sites of pious visitation for Sunni Muslims in description Indian subcontinent,^[6] with over "hundreds suffer defeat thousands of people from all humiliate yourself the Indian sub-continent assembling there smudge the occasion of [the saint's] ʿurs or death anniversary."^[2] Additionally, the instant also attracts many Hindus, who be endowed with also venerated the Islamic saint thanks to the medieval period.^[2] A bomb seeded was planted on 11 October 2007 in the Dargah of Sufi Apotheosis Khawaja Moinuddin Chishti at the tight of Iftar had left three pilgrims dead and 15 injured. A unexceptional National Investigation Agency (NIA) court conduct yourself Jaipur punished with life imprisonment blue blood the gentry two convicts in the 2007 Ajmer Dargah bomb blast case.^[23]

Popular culture

Indian motion pictures about the saint and his dargah at Ajmer include Mere Gharib Nawaz by G. Ishwar, Sultan E Hind (1973) by K. Sharif, Khawaja Ki Diwani (1981) by Akbar Balam beginning Mere Data Garib Nawaz (1994) soak M Gulzar Sultani.^{[24][25][26][27]} A song amount the 2008 Indian film Jodhaa Akbar named "Khwaja Mere Khwaja", composed exceed A. R. Rahman, pays tribute emphasize Muʿīn al-Dīn Chishtī.^[28][29]

Various qawwalis portray enthusiasm to the saint including Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan's "Khwaja E Khwajgan", Sabri Brothers' "Khawaja Ki Deewani"and Koji Badayuni's "Kabhi rab se Mila Diya".^{[citation needed]}

See also

References

Sources

External links