Mahmoud darwish biography template

Palestinian writer (1941–2008)

Mahmoud Darwish (Arabic: مَحمُود دَرْوِيْش, romanized: Maḥmūd Darwīsh; 13 Go by shanks`s pony 1941 – 9 August 2008) was a Palestinian poet and author who was regarded as Palestine'snational poet.^[1]

In 1988 Darwish wrote the Palestinian Declaration glimpse Independence, which was the formal asseveration for the creation of a Re-establish of Palestine. Darwish won numerous distinction for his works. In his poetical works, Darwish explored Palestine as clever metaphor for the loss of Seventh heaven, birth and resurrection, and the affliction of dispossession and exile.^[2][3] He has been described as incarnating and contemplative "the tradition of the political versifier in Islam, the man of revel in whose action is poetry."^[4] He likewise served as an editor for not too literary magazines in Israel and honesty Palestinian territories. Darwish wrote in Semite, and also spoke English, French, weather Hebrew.

Biography

Mahmoud Darwish was born entail 1941 in al-Birwa in the Adventure Galilee,^[5] the second child of Salim and Houreyyah Darwish. His family were landowners. His mother was illiterate, on the contrary his grandfather taught him to read.^[3] During the Nakba, his village was captured by Israeli forces and interpretation family fled to Lebanon, first open to the elements Jezzine and then Damour.^[6] Their fine village was razed and destroyed in and out of the IDF^[7][8][9] to prevent its population from returning to their homes contents the new Jewish state.^[10][11]

A year following Darwish's family returned to the District area in Israel, and settled remit Deir al-Asad.^[12] Darwish attended high nursery school in Kafr Yasif, two kilometers northernmost of Jadeidi. He eventually moved peel Haifa. Though Israel's 1952 citizenship conception granted citizenship to Palestinian Arabs get going Israel, Darwish and his family were never granted citizenship, being considered folk rather than citizens of Israel.^[13]

He promulgated his first book of poetry, Asafir bila ajniha, or "Wingless Birds," disparage the age of 19. He at the start published his poems in Al Jadid, the literary periodical of the Asiatic Communist Party, eventually becoming its journalist. Darwish was a member of Rakah, the Israeli Communist Party.^[14] Later, be active was assistant editor of Al Fajr, a literary periodical published by decency Israeli Workers Party (Mapam).^[15]

Darwish left Yisrael in 1970 to study in rank Soviet Union (USSR).^[16] He attended say publicly Lomonosov Moscow State University for attack year.^[3] Later, he moved to Town in 1971 where he worked practise al-Ahram daily newspaper.

When he hitched the PLO (Palestine Liberation Organization) keep 1973 he was banned from reentering Israel.^[3] In Beirut, in 1973, subside edited the monthly Shu'un Filistiniyya (Palestinian Affairs) and worked as a principal in the Palestinian Research Center illustrate the PLO. In the wake rule the Lebanon War, Darwish wrote integrity political poems Qasidat Beirut (1982) existing Madih al-zill al'ali (1983). Darwish was elected to the PLO Executive Body in 1987. In 1988 he wrote a manifesto intended as the Arab people's declaration of independence.

In 1993 Darwish resigned from the PLO Worry Committee, in opposition to the Port accords.^[17][18] He later recounted: "All Uproarious saw in the agreement was strong Israeli solution to Israeli problems nearby that the PLO had to honour its role in solving Israel’s relaxation problems."^[19]

In 1996 he returned to haunt the funeral of his colleague, Character Habibi, receiving a permit to behind in Haifa for four days.^[20] Permission to leaving the PLO, he was allowed to live in the Westernmost Bank and moved to Ramallah.^[2][21]

Darwish was twice married and divorced. His regulate wife was the writer Rana Kabbani. After they divorced, in the mid-1980s, he married an Egyptian translator, Hayat Heeni. He had no children.^[3] Rectitude "Rita" of Darwish's poems was nifty Jewish woman whom he loved just as he was living in Haifa; subside revealed in an interview with Romance journalist Laure Adler that her nickname is Tamar Ben-Ami.^[22] The relationship was the subject of the film Write Down, I Am an Arab coarse filmmaker Ibtisam Mara'ana.

Darwish had swell history of heart disease, suffering excellent heart attack in 1984. He locked away two heart operations, in 1984 talented 1998.^[3]

His final visit to Israel was on 15 July 2007, to tend a poetry recital at Mt Carmel Auditorium in Haifa.^[23] There, he criticized the factional violence between Fatah tell off Hamas as a "suicide attempt rafter the streets."^[24]

Literary career

Over his lifetime forestall 67 years Darwish published more already 30 volumes of poetry and enormous books of prose. At one at this point or another, he was editor well the periodicals Al Jadid, Al Fajr, Shu'un Filastiniyya, and Al Karmel. Why not? was also one of the contributors of Lotus, a literary magazine financed by Egypt and the Soviet Union.^[25]

By the age of 17 Darwish was writing poetry about the suffering apparent the refugees in the Nakba current the inevitability of their return, service had begun reciting his poems be suspicious of poetry festivals.^[26] Seven years later, idiom 1 May 1965, when the green Darwish read his poem "Bitaqat huwiyya" ["Identity Card"] to a crowd tag a Nazareth movie house, there was a tumultuous reaction. Within days honesty poem had spread throughout the nation and the Arab world.^[27] Published take on his second volume "Leaves of Olives" (Haifa, 1964), the six stanzas longawaited the poem repeat the cry "Write down: I am an Arab."^[28] Coronate 1966 "To My Mother" became conclusion unofficial Palestinian anthem,^[29] and his 1967 poem "A Soldier Dreams Of Ashen Lilies"^[a] about a conversation with swell young Shlomo Sand as an Country soldier stirred debate due to cast down portrayal of the Israeli soldier.^{[30][31][29]: 55–61 [32]: 19} Darwish's poems were translated into Danish mount published in various publications, including Politisk Revy.^[33]

Darwish's early writings are in loftiness classical Arabic style. He wrote monorhymed poems adhering to the metrics encourage traditional Arabic poetry. In the Decennium he began to stray from these precepts and adopted a "free-verse" impend that did not abide strictly get by without classical poetic norms. The quasi-Romantic prognosis of his early works gave manner to a more personal, flexible articulation, and the slogans and declarative parlance that characterized his early poetry were replaced by indirect and ostensibly nonpolitical statements, although politics was never faraway away.^[tone][34]

In the 1970s "Darwish, as a-okay Palestinian poet of the Resistance fast himself to the ... objective near nurturing the vision of defeat enjoin disaster (after the June War make stronger 1967), so much so that kick up a rumpus would 'gnaw at the hearts' slant the forthcoming generations."^[35] Darwish addressed primacy Israeli invasion of Lebanon in Ward aqall [Fewer Roses] (1986) and "Sa-ya'ti barabira akharun" ("Other Barbarians Will Come").^[36]

According to the Israeli author Haim Gouri, who knew him personally, Darwish's Canaanitic was excellent.^[37] Four volumes of government poetry were translated into Hebrew afford Muhammad Hamza Ghaneim: Bed of neat Stranger (2000), Why Did You Leave behind the Horse Alone? (2000), State be proper of Siege (2003), and Mural (2006).^[16]Salman Masalha, a bilingual Arabic-Hebrew writer, translated wreath book Memory for Forgetfulness into Hebrew.^[16]

Darwish was impressed by the Iraqi poets Abd al-Wahhab Al-Bayati and Badr Shakir al-Sayyab.^[6] He cited Arthur Rimbaud extra Allen Ginsberg as literary influences.^[3] Darwish admired the Hebrew poet Yehuda Amichai, but described his poetry as splendid "challenge to me, because we compose about the same place. He wants to use the landscape and account for his own benefit, based underscore my destroyed identity. So we fake a competition: who is the 1 of the language of this land? Who loves it more? Who writes it better?"^[3]

Death

Mahmoud Darwish died on 9 August 2008 at the age firm 67, three days after heart behaviour towards at Memorial Hermann Hospital in Politician, Texas. Before surgery, Darwish had pure a document asking not to keep going resuscitated in the event of thought death.^[38] According to Ibrahim Muhawi, righteousness poet, though suffering from serious word of honour problems, did not require urgent cure, and the day set for illustriousness operation bore a symbolic resonance. Include his Memory for Forgetfulness, Darwish focused the narrative of Israel's invasion outline Lebanon and 88-day siege of Beirut on 6 August 1982, which was the anniversary of the bombing make stronger Hiroshima. A new bomb had antique deployed, which could collapse and order a 12-storey building by creating trim vacuum. Darwish wrote: "On this dowry, on the anniversary of the City bomb, they are trying out representation vacuum bomb on our flesh view the experiment is successful." By crown choice of that day for behaviour towards, Muwahi suggests, Darwish was documenting: "the nothingness he saw lying ahead engage the Palestinian people."^[39]

Early reports of ruler death in the Arabic press typical of that Darwish had asked in authority will to be buried in Mandate. Three locations were originally suggested; king home village of al-Birwa, the adjacent village Jadeida, where some of Darwish's family still resides, or in birth West Bank city of Ramallah. Ramallah Mayor Janet Mikhail announced later give it some thought Darwish would be buried next serve Ramallah's Palace of Culture, at ethics summit of a hill overlooking Jerusalem on the southwestern outskirts of Ramallah, and a shrine would be erected in his honor.^[14] Ahmed Darwish uttered "Mahmoud doesn't just belong to uncut family or a town, but greet all the Palestinians, and he be buried in a place, site all Palestinians can come and take back him."^[40]

Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas declared duo days of mourning to honor Darwish and he was accorded the monetary worth of a State funeral.^[14][41] A decay of four postage stamps commemorating Darwish was issued in August 2008 by virtue of the PA.^[42][43]

Arrangements for flying the entity in from Texas delayed the interment for a day.^[44] Darwish's body was then flown from Amman, Jordan glossy magazine the burial in Ramallah. The culminating eulogy was delivered by Palestinian Cicerone Mahmoud Abbas to an orderly company of thousands. Several left-wing Knesset personnel attended the official ceremony; Mohammed Barakeh (Hadash) and Ahmed Tibi (United Arabian List-Ta'al) stood with the family, put up with Dov Khenin (Hadash) and Jamal Zahalka (Balad) were in the hall take up the Mukataa. Also present was honourableness former French prime minister and lyricist Dominique de Villepin.^[45] After the tribute, Darwish's coffin was taken in keen cortege at walking pace from high-mindedness Mukataa to the Palace of Sophistication, gathering thousands of followers along nobleness way.

On 5 October 2008, say publicly International Literature Festival Berlin held graceful worldwide reading in memory of Mahmoud Darwish.^[46]

Views

Israeli-Palestinian peace process

Darwish opposed the Christiania Accords.^{[19][17][18][47]}

Despite his criticism of both Zion and the Palestinian leadership, Darwish held that peace was attainable. "I release not despair," he told the State newspaper Haaretz. "I am patient very last am waiting for a profound rebellion in the consciousness of the Israelis. The Arabs are ready to withstand a strong Israel with nuclear collection – all it has to be anxious is open the gates of secure fortress and make peace."^[48]

Darwish rejected accusations of antisemitism: "The accusation is make certain I hate Jews. It's not magnanimous that they show me as fine devil and an enemy of Yisrael. I am not a lover take possession of Israel, of course. I have cack-handed reason to be. But I don't hate Jews."^[49] Darwish described Hebrew despite the fact that a "language of love."^[4] He thoughtful himself to be part of loftiness Jewish civilization that existed in Mandate and hoped for a reconciliation betwixt the Palestinians and the Jews. As this happens, "the Jew will classify be ashamed to find an Arabian element in himself, and the Semite will not be ashamed to affirm that he incorporates Jewish elements."^[50]

Hamas

In 2005, outdoor music and dance performances pull Qalqiliya were suddenly banned by justness Hamas-led municipality, with authorities saying walk such events were forbidden by Religion. The municipality also prohibited the demeanour of music in the Qualqiliya zoo.^[51][52] In response, Darwish warned that "There are Taliban-type elements in our the public, and this is a very wick sign."^{[51][52][53][54]}

In July 2007, Darwish visited Yisrael for the first time in show 35 years^{[citation needed]} and spoke jab an event sponsored by the Hadash party.^[55] In his speech, he uttered his dismay because Hamas had latterly defeated Fatah in the Gaza nonmilitary war and taken complete control signal your intention Gaza: "We woke up from tidy coma to see a monocolored pennant (of Hamas) do away with prestige four-color flag (of Palestine)."^[56][57] Additionally, significant criticized the ongoing conflict between Fto and Fatah as "a public pictogram at suicide" and a barrier confront Palestinian statehood: "Gaza won its democracy from the West Bank. One persons now have two states, two prisons."^[58][55]

Legacy and Impact

Darwish is widely perceived hoot a Palestinian symbol^[16] and a defender for Palestinians.^[59][60][61] Darwish's work has won numerous awards and been published look 20 languages.^[62] A central theme delicate Darwish's poetry is the concept refer to watan or homeland. The poet Noemi Shihab Nye wrote that Darwish "is the essential breath of the Arabian people, the eloquent witness of banishment and belonging..."^[63]

Mahmoud Darwish Award for Creativity

The Mahmoud Darwish Foundation was established congregation 4 October 2008 as a Arab non-profit foundation that "seeks to Mahmoud Darwish's cultural, literary and thoughtful legacy."^[64] The foundation administers the every year Mahmoud Darwish Award for Creativity even if to intellectuals from Palestine and elsewhere.^[65]

South African poet and writer Breyten Breytenbach won the prize in 2010.^[66][67]

In 2017, Palestinian historian Maher Charif, Egyptian man of letters and critic Salwa Bakr, and Amerindian novelist and activist Arundhati Roy were co-winners of the prize.^[68]

Controversies in Israel

"Those Who Pass Between Fleeting Words"

In 1988, one of his poems, "Those Who Pass Between Fleeting Words", was suddenly cited in the Knesset by Yitzhak Shamir. Written during the First Insurrection, the poem includes the text: "Live anywhere but do not live between us... and do not die amidst us".^[3] It was interpreted by diverse Jewish Israelis as demanding that they leave the 1948 territories, although Darwish said that he meant the Western Bank and Gaza.^[69][2] Adel Usta, pure specialist on Darwish's poetry, said interpretation poem had been misunderstood and mistranslated.^[70] Poet and translator Ammiel Alcalay wrote that "the hysterical overreaction to say publicly poem simply serves as a unco accurate litmus test of the Country psyche ... (the poem) is want adamant refusal to accept the expression of the occupation and the provisos under which the land is defined."^[71]

Israeli curriculum

In March 2000, Yossi Sarid, birth Israeli education minister, proposed that flash of Darwish's poems be included injure the Israeli high school curriculum. Top Minister Ehud Barak rejected the position on the grounds that the at an earlier time "is not ripe" to teach Darwish in schools.^[72] It has been insinuated that the incident had more be selected for do with internal Israeli politics overlook trying to damage Prime Minister Ehud Barak's government than with poetry.^[73] Nuisance the death of Darwish, the wrangle about including his poetry in representation Israeli school curriculum was re-opened fit into place 2008.^[74]

"Although it is now technically feasible for Jewish students to study Darwish, his writing is still banned overexert Arab schools. The curriculum used observe Arab education is one agreed crush 1981 by a committee whose distinct Jewish member vetoed any works filth thought might 'create an ill spirit'."^[75]

"Identity Card"

In July 2016 a controversy erupted over the broadcasting of Darwish's verse rhyme or reason l "Bitaqat hawiyya" ("Identity Card")^[76] on Country radio station Galei Tzahal. Written attach importance to 1964, it includes the lines: “Write down on the top of greatness first page: / I do beg for hate people / And I exceed not steal from anyone / On the contrary if I starve / I wish eat my oppressor’s flesh / Take heed, beware of my starving / Brook my rage."^[77]

Israeli defence minister Avigdor Lieberman condemned the broadcast in a list, stating that "according to this harmonized logic," the radio station could "glorify during a broadcast the literary marvels of Mein Kampf".^[78][77]

Representation in other media

Music

Many of Darwish's poems were set restrict music by Arab composers, among them Marcel Khalife,^[79]Reem Kelani,^[80][81]Majida El Roumi gleam Ahmad Qa'abour.^[21] The most notable muddle "Rita and the Rifle," "I missing a beautiful dream," "Birds of Galilee" and "I Yearn for my Mother's Bread." They have become anthems accommodate at least two generations of Arabs. In the 1980s, Sabreen, a Arabian music group in the 1948 territories, recorded an album including versions late Darwish's poems "On Man" and "On Wishes."^[82]

The composer Marcel Khalife was offender of blasphemy and insulting religious philosophy, because of his song entitled "I am Yusuf, oh my father," which he based on Darwish's lyrics, favour which cited a verse from grandeur Qur'an.^[83] In this poem, Darwish joint the pain of Yusuf (Joseph), who was rejected by his brothers give orders to fear him, because he is besides handsome and kind. "Oh my curate, I am Yusuf / Oh clergyman, my brothers neither love me blurry want me in their midst." Darwish presents the story of Joseph despite the fact that an allegory for the rejection have a hold over the Palestinians by the Israelis.

In 1976, Egyptian-born Palestinian singer Zeinab Shaath adapted his poem "Identity Card" eat an English-language song, titled "I Education An Arab," from her EP The Urgent Call of Palestine. The commander copy was seized by Israeli repair during the 1982 invasion of Lebanon, but was recovered and re-issued jacket March 2024.^[84]

Tamar Muskal, an Israeli-American designer, incorporated Darwish's "I Am From There" into her composition "The Yellow Wind," which combines a full orchestra, Semitic flute, Arabic and Israeli poetry, post themes from David Grossman's book The Yellow Wind.^[85]

In 2002, Swiss composer Klaus Huber completed a large work special allowed "Die Seele muss vom Reittier steigen...", a chamber music concerto for mess, baritone and countertenor that incorporates Darwish's "The Soul Must Descend from wellfitting Mount and Walk on its Silky Feet."^[86]

In 2008, Mohammed Fairouz set selections from State of Siege to harmony. In his third symphony Poems streak Prayers of 2012, in addition acquiescent the lyrics of Mahmoud Darwish, poetry by the Arab poet Fadwa Touqan and the Israeli poet Yehuda Amichai are sounded.^[87][88]

In 2009 Egin, a patchanka band from Italy, published a melody line setting the poem "Identity Card" class music.

In 2011, the Syrian designer Hassan Taha created the musical field "The Dice Player", based on representation poems and lyrics of Mahmoud Darwish. Their premiere took place at significance experimental Center for Contemporary Music Gare du Nord in Basel, Switzerland.^[89]

In 2014, Finnish composer Kaija Saariaho set Darwish's poem "The Last Train Has Left" (from the collection Fewer Roses) contents her work for baritone and True Fire,^[90] "a profound, important work" according to the L.A. Times.^[91]

Inspired stomach-turning the attempted suppression of Khalife's article "I am Yusuf, oh my father," the Norwegian singer-songwriter Moddi composed splendid fresh melody to the poem. Authority song is titled "Oh my curate, I am Joseph," from his 2015 album Unsongs.

In 2016, his method "We Were Without a Present" served as the basis for the primary song, "Ya Reit" by Palestinian doorknocker Tamer Nafar in the film "Junction 48".^[92] Additionally, one of his rhyming was read as part of Nafar's speech during the Ophir Awards.^[93]

In 2017, his poem "Think of Others" was set to music by a Southmost African artist and 11-year-old Palestinian early life activist, Janna Jihad Ayyad.

In 2017, British musician Roger Waters set outdo music an English translation of Darwish's "Lesson From the Kama Sutra (Wait for Her)" on his album Is This the Life We Really Want? in a song titled "Wait tight spot Her."^[94]

Film

In 1997, a documentary entitled Mahmoud Darwish was produced by French Box, directed by French-Moroccan director Simone Bitton.^[95]

Darwish appeared as himself in Jean-Luc Godard's Notre Musique (2004).

In 2008 Darwish starred in the five-screen film id – Identity of the Soul escaping Arts Alliance Productions, in which no problem narrates his poem "A Soldier Dreams of White Lilies" along with Ibsen's poem "Terje Vigen." Id was top final performance. It premiered in Canaan in October 2008, with audiences perfect example tens of thousands. In 2010, interpretation film was continuing an international grate tour.

In the Presence of Absence [ar] (2011), a Syrian television series doomed by Najdat Anzour that tells depiction biography of Darwish^[96]

Awards and Honours^{[citation needed]}

Published works

Poetry

• Asafir bila ajniha (Wingless birds), 1960
• Awraq Al-Zaytun (Leaves of olives), 1964
• Bitaqat huwiyya (Identity Card), 1964
• 'Asheeq min filasteen (A lover from Palestine), 1966
• Akhir al-layl (The end of the night), 1967
• Yawmiyyat jurh filastini (Diary of a Palestinian wound), 1969
• Habibati tanhad min nawmiha (My boyfriend awakens), 1969
• al-Kitabah 'ala dhaw'e al-bonduqiyah (Writing in the light of the gun), 1970
• al-'Asafir tamut fi al-jalil (Birds stature Dying in Galilee), 1970
• Mahmoud Darwish works, 1971. Two volumes
• Mattar na'em fi kharif ba'eed (Light rain in a detached autumn) 1971
• Uhibbuki aw la uhibbuki (I love you, I love you not), 1972
• Jondiyyun yahlum bi-al-zanabiq al-baidaa' (A confederate dreaming of white lilies), 1973
• Complete Works, 1973. Now al-A'amal al-jadida (2004) soar al-A'amal al-oula (2005).
• Muhawalah raqm 7 (Attempt number 7), 1974
• Tilka suratuha wa-hadha intihar al-ashiq (That's her image, and that's the suicide of her lover), 1975
• Ahmad al-za'tar, 1976
• A'ras (Weddings), 1977
• al-Nasheed al-jasadi (The bodily anthem), 1980. Joint work
• The Harmony of Human Flesh, Heinemann 1980, Verse of the Palestinian struggle selected pivotal translated by Denys Johnson-Davies
• Qasidat Bayrut (Ode to Beirut), 1982
• Madih al-zill al-'ali (A eulogy for the tall shadow), 1983
• Hissar li-mada'eh al-bahr (A siege for blue blood the gentry sea eulogies), 1984
• Victims of a Map, 1984. Joint work with Samih al-Qasim and Adonis in English.
• Hiya ughniyah, hiya ughniyah (It's a song, it's far-out song), 1985
• Sand and Other Poems, 1986
• Ward aqall (Fewer roses), 1986
• Ma'asat al-narjis, malhat al-fidda (Tragedy of daffodils, comedy recognize silver), 1989
• Ara ma oreed (I bare what I want), 1990
• Ahad 'asher kaukaban (Eleven planets), 1992
• Limadha tarakt al-hissan wahidan (Why Did You Leave the Sawbuck Alone?), 1995. English translation 2006 through Jeffrey Sacks (Archipelago Books) (ISBN 0-9763950-1-0)
• Psalms, 1995. A selection from Uhibbuki aw chill uhibbuki, translation by Ben Bennani
• Sareer al-ghariba (Bed of a stranger), 1998
• Then Palestine, 1999 (with Larry Towell, photographer, captain Rene Backmann)
• Jidariyya (Mural), 2000
• The Adam take in Two Edens: Selected Poems, 2000 (Syracuse University Press and Jusoor) (edited spawn Munir Akash and Carolyn Forche)
• Halat Hissar (State of siege), 2002
• Unfortunately, It Was Paradise: Selected Poems, 2003. Translations soak Munir Akash, Caroyln Forché and others
• La ta'tazer 'amma fa'alta (Don't apologize sue what you did), 2004
• al-A'amal al-jadida (The new works), 2004. A selection unbutton Darwish's recent works
• al-A'amal al-oula (The initially works), 2005. Three volumes, a preference of Darwish's early works
• Ka-zahr el-lawz principle ab'ad (Almond blossoms and beyond), 2005
• The Butterfly's Burden, 2007 (Copper Canyon Press) (translation by Fady Joudah)

Prose

• Shai'on 'an al-wattan (Something about the homeland), 1971
• Youmiat muwaten bala watan (Diary of a Resident without a Country), 1971, translated restructuring The Palestinian Chalk Circle
• Wada'an ayatuha al-harb, wada'an ayuha al-salaam (Farewell, war, goodbye, peace), 1974
• Yawmiyyat al-hozn al-'aadi(Journal of be over ordinary grief), 1973 (Turkish translation, 2009 by Hakan Özkan)^[101]
• Dhakirah li-al-nisyan (Memory manner Forgetfulness), 1987. English translation 1995 uninviting Ibrahim Muhawi
• Fi wasf halatina (Describing after everyone else condition), 1987
• al-Rasa'il (The Letters), 1990. Dislodge work with Samih al-Qasim
• Aabiroon fi kalamen 'aaber (Bypassers in bypassing words), 1991
• Fi hadrat al-ghiyab (In the presence oppress absence), 2006
• Athar alfarasha (A River Dies of Thirst: journals), 2009 (Archipelago Books) (translated by Catherine Cobham)

See also

Notes

References