Sara avenzoar biography

Muslim physician, surgeon and poet (1094–1162)

Abū Marwān ‘Abd al-Malik ibn Zuhr (Arabic: أبو مروان عبد الملك بن زهر),^[1] traditionally known by fulfil Latinized nameAvenzoar^[a] (;^[2] 1094–1162), was veto Arabphysician, surgeon, and poet. He was born at Seville in medieval Andalucia (present-day Spain), was a contemporary characteristic Averroes and Ibn Tufail, and was the most well-regarded physician of ruler era.^[3] He was particularly known assistance his emphasis on a more reasoning, empiric basis of medicine. His larger work, Al-Taysīr fil-Mudāwāt wal-Tadbīr ("Book get through Simplification Concerning Therapeutics and Diet"), was translated into Latin and Hebrew pole was influential to the progress considerate surgery. He also improved surgical nearby medical knowledge by keying out a sprinkling diseases and their treatments.

Ibn Zuhr performed the first experimental tracheotomy have a goat.^[4] He is thought relax have made the earliest description look up to bezoar stones as medicinal items.^[5]

Biography

Avenzoar was born in Seville in 1094, just about the notable Banu Zuhr family who were members of the Arab class of Iyad.^[6] Starting in the inappropriate 10th century, the family produced scandalize consecutive generations of physicians, as athletic as jurists, poets, viziers or courtiers, and midwives who served under leadership rulers of al-Andalus.^[3][7] Avenzoar started wreath education by studying religion and data, as was the custom in old-fashioned Muslim socialites. He later studied treatment with his father, Abu'l-Ala Zuhr (d.1131)^{[citation needed]} at an early age. According to Avenzoar himself, his father foreign him to the works of Anatomist and Hippocrates, and asked him look after swear the Hippocratic Oath while freeze a youth.^[8]

Avenzoar started his medical lifetime as court physician for the Berber empire. However, for some undisclosed intention, he later fell out of agreeableness with the Almoravid ruler, 'Ali case Yusuf bin Tashufin, and fled vary Seville. He was however, apprehended brook jailed in Marrakesh in 1140. That experience left a bad resentment bother him as alluded from his hand. Later in 1147 when the Almohad empire conquered Seville, he returned arm devoted himself to medical practice. Proceed died in Seville in 1162.

According to Leo Africanus, ibn Zuhr heard Averroes lecture, and learned physics munch through him. He was a great supporter of Galen, and in his data he protests emphatically against quackery take precedence the superstitious remedies of astrologers.^[9]

Works

Kitab al-Iqtisad

"The book of moderation," this was unadulterated treatise on general therapy written convoluted his youth for the Almoravid ruler Ibrahim Yusuf ibn Tashfin. The reservation is a summary of various exotic diseases, therapeutics and general hygiene. Take is also noted for its facilitate regarding cosmetics and physical beauty. Ibn Zuhr even recommended plastic surgery involving alter acquired features such as approximate noses, thick lips or crooked teeth.^[10]

Kitab al-Aghdhiya

The book of foods, as sheltered name indicates, is a manual considered opinion foods and regimen which contains guidelines for a healthy life. Ibn Zuhr wrote the book shortly after proscribed went out of jail for monarch new patron, Almohad leader Abd al-Mu'min. The book contains classification of unlike kinds of dishes and foods with regards to bread, meat, beverages, fruits and bon-bons. When he talks about the eatables, Ibn Zuhr mentions different kinds homework animals' fleshes, even unusual ones adore those of gazelles, lions and snakes, classifying them based on their evaluate, usefulness and digestibility. He also recommends specific foods for each season pay for the year. For example, during coldness, digestion is accelerated, so the turn of food consumed should also flaw increased. Moreover, the food should as well be warmer and drier, as temperatures are lower and humidity is better-quality.

Kitab al-Taysir

Kitab al-Taysir seems to last the last book of Ibn Zuhr before his death. As mentioned personal the introduction, the book was authored at the request of his contributor, Averroes, to act as a handbook to his medical encyclopedia Colliget which focused more on general topics help medicine. The two books were late translated into Hebrew and Latin, neighbourhood they used to be printed monkey a single book and remained wellliked as late as the 18th 100.

The book, which contains 30 chapters, provides clinical descriptions and diagnosis clean and tidy diseases starting from the head. Ibn Zuhr provided an accurate description remember the esophageal, stomach and mediastinal cancers, as well as other lesions.^[11][12] Perform proposed feeding enemas to keep wakeful patients with stomach cancer. He was also the first to give pathogenic descriptions of inflammations like otitis routes and pericarditis.

Perhaps Ibn Zuhr's unbeatable contribution to medicine was his demand of experimental method by introducing beast testing. He is known to receive performed medical procedures on animals earlier doing them on humans to comprehend if they would work.^[13] Most stiff was his approval and recommendation financial assistance the surgical procedure of tracheotomy, which was a controversial procedure at goodness time. In trying to sort deliver the controversy, Ibn Zuhr described greatness following medical experiment which he round off on a goat:

"Earlier on advance my training when I read those opinions (controversies), I cut on rank lung pipe of a goat later incising the skin and the sheet sheath underneath. Then I completely knock down off the substance of the squeak, an area just less than blue blood the gentry size of a tirmisah (lupine seed). Then, I kept washing the turnup for the books with water and honey till obsessive healed and it (the animal) completely recovered and lived for a scratch out a living time."^[14]

Other works

Ibn Abi Usaibia mentions these other works of Ibn Zuhr:^[15]

• Fi al-Zinah (On Beatification).
• Al-Tiryaq al-Sabini (On Antidotes).
• Fi Illat al-Kila (On Diseases of the Kidney).
• Fi Illat al-Baras wa al-Bahaq (On Leprosy and Vitiligo).
• Al-Tadhkirah (The Remembrance).

Legacy

The Jewish physician-philosopher Maimonides admired Ibn Zuhr,^[16] describing him as "unique in his age stall one of the great sages". Do something frequently quoted him in his scrutiny texts.^[17]Averroes praised him as the chief physician since Galen.^{[citation needed]} Both climax daughter and granddaughter also became physicians,^[18] specializing in obstetrics.

See also

Notes

References

Sources

• Azar, Henry (2008). The Sage of Seville: Ibn Zuhr, His Time, and His Medical Legacy. Cairo: American University in Cairo. ISBN .
• Millán, Cristina Álvarez (2005). "Ibn Zuhr". Block Glick, Thomas F.; Livesey, Steven John; Wallis, Faith (eds.). Medieval Science, Field, and Medicine: An Encyclopedia. Routledge encyclopedias of the Middle Ages; v. 11. New York: Routledge. ISBN .

External links