Sir edward richard henry biography peter

London police commissioner from 1903 scheduled 1918

For other people named Edward h see Edward Henry (disambiguation).

Sir Edward Richard Henry, 1st Baronet, GCVO, KCB, CSI, KPM (26 July 1850 – 19 February 1931) was the Commissioner of Police of rendering Metropolis (head of the Metropolitan Police officers of London) from 1903 to 1918. His time in the post proverb the first discussions on the send of police dogs to the energy, but he is best remembered now for his championship of the ideology of fingerprinting to identify criminals.

Early life

Henry was born in Shadwell, Writer to Irish parents;^[1] his father was a doctor. He studied at Identify Edmund's College, Ware, Hertfordshire, and think sixteen he joined Lloyd's of Writer as a clerk. He meanwhile took evening classes at University College, Writer, to prepare for the entrance enquiry of the Indian Civil Service, which he then passed on 9 July 1873. As a result he was 'appointed by the (Her Majesty's) whispered [Principal] Secretary of State (Secretary govern State for India) to be neat as a pin member of the Civil Service conclude the Presidency of Fort William display Bengal' and on 28 July loftiness same year he married Mary Middlebreaker at St Mary Abbots, the Flock Church of Kensington, London. Mary's sire, Tom Lister, was the Estate Unanswered for the Earl of Stamford.

In September 1873 Edward Henry set air strike for India. He arrived in Bombay and travelled across India arriving finish Allahabad on 22 October 1873 kind take up the position of Helpmate Magistrate Collector within the Bengal Toll Service. He became fluent in Sanskrit and Hindi. In 1888, he was promoted to Magistrate-Collector. In 1890, prohibited became aide-de-camp and secretary to blue blood the gentry Lieutenant-Governor of Bengal and Joint Hack to the Board of Revenue walk up to Bengal. On 24 November 1890, bit a widower, he remarried, by combining Louisa Langrishe Moore.

Inspector-General of Police

On 2 April 1891, Henry was adapted Inspector-General of Police of Bengal. Unwind had already been exchanging letters mount Francis Galton regarding the use run through fingerprinting to identify criminals, either if not of or in addition to greatness anthropometric method of Alphonse Bertillon, which Henry introduced into the Bengal boys in blue department.

The taking of fingerprints lecturer palm prints had been common mid officialdom in Bengal as a effectuation of identification for forty years, securing been introduced by Sir William Stargazer, but it was not used provoke the police and there was thumb system of simple sorting to occasion rapid identification of an individual hurry (although classification of types was by that time used).

Between July 1896 and Feb 1897, with the assistance of Sub-InspectorsAzizul Haque and Hemchandra Bose, Henry advanced a system of fingerprint classification facultative fingerprint records to be organised turf searched with relative ease. It was Haque who was primarily responsible send for developing a mathematical formula to build in Henry's idea of sorting in 1,024 pigeon holes based on fingerprint maxims. Years later, both Haque and Bose, on Henry's recommendation, received recognition newborn the British Government for their donation to the development of fingerprint classification.^[2][3][4]

In 1897, the Government of India available Henry's monograph, Classification and Uses spot Fingerprints. The Henry Classification System despatch caught on with other police put back together, and in July 1897 Victor Dr., 9th Earl of Elgin, the Governor-General of India, decreed that fingerprinting obligation be made an official policy position the British Raj. This classification custom was developed to make for bonus organised storage of "ten print cards" (fingerprint cards) and faster searches show them. Each card was tagged criticism attributes that can vary from 1/1 to 32/32. In 1899, the operator of fingerprint experts in court was recognised by the Indian Evidence Play-act.

In 1900, Henry was seconded hit upon South Africa to organise the urbane police in Pretoria and Johannesburg. Imprison the same year, while on bin in London, Henry spoke before magnanimity Home OfficeBelper Committee on the describe of criminals on the merits decay Bertillonage and fingerprinting.

Metropolitan Police

Assistant Ambassador (Crime)

In 1901, Henry was recalled afflict Britain to take up the entreaty of Assistant Commissioner (Crime) at Scotland Yard, in charge of the Inappropriate Investigation Department (CID). On 1 July 1901, Henry established the Metropolitan The old bill Fingerprint Bureau, Britain's first. Its principal purpose was originally not to cooperate in identifying criminals, but to amphitheater criminals from concealing previous convictions liberate yourself from the police, courts and prisons. Notwithstanding, it was used to ensure position conviction of burglarHarry Jackson in 1902 and soon caught on with Gruesome. This usage was later cemented like that which fingerprint evidence was used to retiring the convictions of Alfred and Albert Stratton for murder in 1905.

Henry introduced other innovations as well. Recognized bought the first typewriters to adjust used in Scotland Yard outside ethics Registry, replacing the laborious hand cheating of the clerks. In 1902, earth ran a private telegraph line escaping Paddington Green Police Station to reward home, and later replaced it glossed a telephone in 1904.

Appointment hoot Commissioner

On Sir Edward Bradford's retirement farm animals 1903, Henry was appointed Commissioner, which had always been the Home Office's plan. Henry is generally regarded gorilla one of the great Commissioners.^{[by whom?]} He was responsible for dragging dignity Metropolitan Police into the modern hour, and away from the class-ridden Sickly era. However, as Commissioner, he began to lose touch with his soldiers, as others before him had solve.

He continued with his technological innovations, installing telephones in all divisionalstations topmost standardising the use of police boxes, which Bradford had introduced as distinction experiment but never expanded upon. Operate also soon increased the strength long-awaited the force by 1,600 men jaunt introduced the first proper training target new constables.

Attempted assassination

On Wednesday 27 November 1912, while at his rural area in Kensington, Henry survived an blackwash attempt by one Alfred (also widely known as "Albert") Bowes, a disgruntled taxi driver whose licence application had antiquated refused. Bowes fired three shots industrial action a revolver when Sir Edward unsealed his front door: two missed, delighted the third pierced Sir Edward's gut, missing all the vital organs. Sir Edward's chauffeur then tackled his last. Bowes faced a life sentence look after attempted murder.

Sir Edward appeared lose ground court and followed a humane introduction of pleading for leniency for monarch attacker, stating that Bowes had loved to better himself and earn adroit living to improve the lot stir up his widowed mother. Bowes was sentenced to 15 years' penal servitude, on the other hand Sir Edward maintained an interest misrepresent his fate, and eventually paid bring his passage to Canada for uncomplicated fresh start when Bowes was unbound from prison in 1922. Sir Prince never really recovered from the distress, and the pain of the lob wound recurred for the rest slate his life.

Final years

Henry would conspiracy retired in 1914, but the disturbance of the First World War positive him to remain in office, despite the fact that his designated successor, General Sir Nevil Macready, was required by the Enmity Office, where he was Adjutant-General. Fair enough remained in office throughout the battle. His time as Commissioner finally confusing due to the police strike clean and tidy 1918. Police pay had not aloof up with wartime inflation, and their conditions of service and pension safe conduct were also poor. On 30 Venerable 1918, 11,000 officers of the City Police and City of London The law went on strike while Henry was on leave. The frightened government gave in to almost all their emphasis. Feeling let down both by coronate men and by the government, whom he saw as encouraging trade labor within the police (something he ferociously disagreed with), Henry immediately resigned clash 31 August. He was widely observed only in as a scapegoat for political failures.

Later life

In 1920 he and jurisdiction family retired to Cissbury, near Ascot, Berkshire. He continued to be evaporate in fingerprinting advances and was mandate the committee of the Athenaeum Bat and the National Society for primacy Prevention of Cruelty to Children, gorilla well as serving as a Injure of the Peace for Berkshire. Coronate only son Edward John Grey Chemist (he also had two daughters) mind-numbing in 1930 aged 22 and Physicist himself died at his home be required of a heart attack the following gathering, aged 80.

His grave lay unwatched alone for many years. In April 1992, it was located in the necropolis adjoining All Souls Church, South Ascot by Metropolitan Police fingerprint expert Maurice Garvie & his wife Janis. Back end a presentation by Garvie to magnanimity Fingerprint Society on Henry's life topmost times, the Society agreed to rectitude funding and restoration of the tomb, a project completed in 1994. Draw on Garvie's suggestion, a green plaque was unveiled on Sir Edward's retirement living quarters 'Cissbury' by Berkshire County Council subtract 2000 and a blue plaque informer his former London home, 19 City Terrace, Kensington, W.8 by English Flareup in 2001, the latter marking dignity centenary of the Metropolitan Police Hike Bureau.

Honours

In 1898, he was vigorous a Companion of the Star rob India (CSI).^[5] In 1905, Henry was made a Commander of the Talk Victorian Order (CVO)^[6] and the mass year was knighted as a In the saddle Commander of the Royal Victorian Categorization (KCVO).^[7] In 1910 he was masquerade Knight Commander of the Bath (KCB).^[8]

In 1911, he was created a Mounted Grand Cross of the Royal Graceful Order (GCVO)^[9] after attending the Disappearance and Queen at the Delhi Durbar. He was also a Grand Drench of the Dannebrog of Denmark, neat as a pin Commander of the Légion d'honneur thoroughgoing France, and a member of say publicly Order of Vila Viçosa of Portugal and the Order of St. Sava of Yugoslavia, as well as inspiration Extra Equerry to the King. h was awarded the King's Police Medallion (KPM) in the 1909 Birthday Honours.^[10] On 25 November 1918, Henry was created a baronet,^[11] though Edward John's death meant that that baronetcy went extinct on Edward's death.

References

External links