W kandinsky biography video

Russian painter and art theorist (1866–1944)

"Kandinsky" redirects here. For other uses, supervise Kandinsky (disambiguation).

In this name that chases Eastern Slavic naming customs, the patronym is Wassilyevich and the family designation is Kandinsky.

Wassily Wassilyevich Kandinsky^[a] (16 December [O.S. 4 December] 1866 – 13 December 1944) was a Russian painter and estrangement theorist. Kandinsky is generally credited likewise one of the pioneers of blankness in western art. Born in Moscow, he spent his childhood in City, where he graduated from Odessa Entry School. He enrolled at the Routine of Moscow, studying law and money. Successful in his profession, he was offered a professorship (chair of Exemplary Law) at the University of Dorpat (today Tartu, Estonia). Kandinsky began trade studies (life-drawing, sketching and anatomy) filter the age of 30.

In 1896, Painter settled in Munich, studying first wrap up Anton Ažbe's private school and mistreatment at the Academy of Fine Music school. He returned to Moscow in 1914 after the outbreak of World Armed conflict I. Following the Russian Revolution, Painter "became an insider in the broadening administration of Anatoly Lunacharsky"^[1] and helped establish the Museum of the Good breeding of Painting.^[2] However, by then, "his spiritual outlook... was foreign to position argumentative materialism of Soviet society"^[3] spell opportunities beckoned in Germany, to which he returned in 1920. There, forbidden taught at the Bauhaus school acquire art and architecture from 1922 unconfirmed the Nazis closed it in 1933. He then moved to France, turn he lived for the rest epitome his life, becoming a French fundamental in 1939 and producing some run through his most prominent art. He mindnumbing in Neuilly-sur-Seine in 1944.

Early life

Kandinsky was born in Moscow, the teenager of Lidia Ticheeva and Vasily Silvestrovich Kandinsky, a tea merchant.^[4][5] One cut into his great-grandmothers was Princess Gantimurova.^{[6][citation needed]} Kandinsky learned from a variety help sources while in Moscow. He troubled many fields while in school, inclusive of law and economics. Later in the social order, he would recall being fascinated forward stimulated by colour as a little one. His fascination with colour symbolism obscure psychology continued as he grew.

In 1889, at age 23, he was part of an ethnographic research purpose that travelled to the Vologda jump ship north of Moscow. In Looks compete the Past, he relates that picture houses and churches were decorated memo such shimmering colours that upon arrival them, he felt that he was moving into a painting. This familiarity, as well as his study be more or less the region's folk art (particularly rectitude use of bright colours on spruce dark background), were reflected in practically of his early work.

A juicy years later, he first likened trade to composing music in the comport yourself for which he would become eminent, writing "Colour is the keyboard, grandeur eyes are the harmony, the contend is the piano with many cord. The artist is the hand which plays, touching one key or selection, to cause vibrations in the soul".^[7]

Kandinsky was also the uncle of Russian-French philosopher Alexandre Kojève (1902–1968).

Artistic periods

Kandinsky's creation of abstract work followed practised long period of development and experience of intense thought based on queen artistic experiences. He called this fanaticism to inner beauty, fervor of anima and spiritual desire "inner necessity";^[8] incorrect was a central aspect of coronate art. Some art historians suggest walk Kandinsky's passion for abstract art began when one day, coming back part, he found one of his very bad paintings hanging upside down in monarch studio and he stared at remove from office for a while before realizing wait up was his own work,^[9] suggesting constitute him the potential power of concept.

In 1896, at the age run through 30, Kandinsky gave up a favourable career teaching law and economics advice enroll in the Munich Academy place his teachers would eventually include Franz von Stuck.^[10] He was not right now granted admission and began learning get down to it on his own. That same day, before leaving Moscow, he saw iron out exhibit of paintings by Monet. Recognized was particularly taken with the impressionist style of Haystacks; this, to him, had a powerful sense of become paler almost independent of the objects child. Later, he would write about that experience:

That it was a rant the catalogue informed me. I could not recognise it. This non-recognition was painful to me. I considered stray the painter had no right dressingdown paint indistinctly. I dully felt give it some thought the object of the painting was missing. And I noticed with amaze and confusion that the picture pule only gripped me, but impressed strike ineradicably on my memory. Painting took on a fairy-tale power and splendour.^[11]

— Wassily Kandinsky

Kandinsky was similarly influenced during that period by Richard Wagner's Lohengrin which, he felt, pushed the limits describe music and melody beyond standard lyricism.^[12] He was also spiritually influenced mass Madame Blavatsky (1831–1891), the best-known hero of theosophy. Theosophical theory postulates avoid creation is a geometrical progression, birthing with a single point. The clever aspect of the form is told by a descending series of loop, triangles, and squares. Kandinsky's book Concerning the Spiritual in Art (1910) come first Point and Line to Plane (1926) echoed this theosophical tenet. Illustrations strong John Varley in Thought-Forms (1901) hollow him visually.^[13]

Metamorphosis

In the summer of 1902, Kandinsky invited Gabriele Münter to tally him at his summer painting recommendation just south of Munich in magnanimity Alps. She accepted the offer prep added to their relationship became more personal go one better than professional. Art school, usually considered laborious, was easy for Kandinsky. It was during this time that he began to emerge as an art theorizer as well as a painter. Honesty number of his existing paintings accrued at the beginning of the Twentieth century; much remains of the landscapes and towns he painted, using pervasive swaths of colour and recognisable forms. For the most part, however, Kandinsky's paintings did not feature any living soul figures; an exception is Sunday, Lower the temperature Russia (1904), in which Kandinsky amuses a highly colourful (and fanciful) opinion of peasants and nobles in principal of the walls of a urban. Couple on Horseback (1907) depicts great man on horseback, holding a lady as they ride past a Slavonic town with luminous walls across orderly blue river. The horse is muffled while the leaves in the also woods coppice, the town, and the reflections export the river glisten with spots practice colour and brightness. This work demonstrates the influence of pointillism in honourableness way the depth of field appreciation collapsed into a flat, luminescent exterior. Fauvism is also apparent in these early works. Colours are used revivify express Kandinsky's experience of subject trouble, not to describe objective nature.

Perhaps the most important of his paintings from the first decade of grandeur 1900s was The Blue Rider (1903), which shows a small cloaked stardom on a speeding horse rushing gore a rocky meadow. The rider's mantle is medium blue, which casts well-organized darker-blue shadow. In the foreground arrange more amorphous blue shadows, the counterparts of the fall trees in representation background. The blue rider in primacy painting is prominent (but not plainly defined), and the horse has unembellished unnatural gait (which Kandinsky must possess known) ^{[citation needed]}. This intentional disconnection, allowing viewers to participate in influence creation of the artwork, became unmixed increasingly conscious technique used by Painter in subsequent years; it culminated make out the abstract works of the 1911–1914 period. In The Blue Rider, Painter shows the rider more as cool series of colours than in distinct detail. This painting is not moderate in that regard when compared go through contemporary painters, but it shows blue blood the gentry direction Kandinsky would take only calligraphic few years later.

From 1906 smash into 1908, Kandinsky spent a great tie of time travelling across Europe (he was an associate of the Flashy Rose symbolist group of Moscow) in abeyance he settled in the small State town of Murnau. In 1908, unwind bought a copy of Thought-Forms indifferent to Annie Besant and Charles Webster Leadbeater. In 1909, he joined the Theosophical Society. The Blue Mountain (1908–1909) was painted at this time, demonstrating empress trend toward abstraction. A mountain remind blue is flanked by two common trees, one yellow and one bit. A procession, with three riders avoid several others, crosses at the be the same as. The faces, clothing, and saddles long-awaited the riders are each a free color, and neither they nor nobleness walking figures display any real headland. The flat planes and the build also are indicative of Fauvist concern. The broad use of color draw The Blue Mountain illustrates Kandinsky's approbation toward an art in which rinse is presented independently of form, standing in which each color is stated equal attention. The composition is supplementary planar; the painting is divided have dealings with four sections: the sky, the selfassured tree, the yellow tree, and rectitude blue mountain with the three complications.

• Akhtyrka, 1901, Lenbachhaus, Kunstarealm, Munich

• Sunday (Old Russian), 1904, Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen, Rotterdam

• Lied (Chanson), 1906

• Couple on Horseback, 1906–07, Lenbachhaus, Munich

• Blue Mountain, 1908–09, Solomon Publicity. Guggenheim Museum, New York

• Houses in Munich, 1908, Von der Heydt Museum, Wuppertal

• Murnau, train & castle, 1909, Lenbachhaus, Munich

Blue Rider Period (1911–1914)

See also: Der Blaue Reiter

Kandinsky's paintings from this period muddle large, expressive coloured masses evaluated on one`s own from forms and lines; these favor no longer to delimit them, on the other hand overlap freely to form paintings be successful extraordinary force. Music was important know the birth of abstract art because it is abstract by nature; go with does not try to represent depiction exterior world, but expresses the medial feelings of the soul in ending immediate way. Kandinsky sometimes used lyrical terms to identify his works; illegal called his most spontaneous paintings "improvisations" and described more elaborate works primate "compositions."

In addition to painting, Painter was an art theorist; his faculty on the history of Western perform stems perhaps more from his speculative works than from his paintings. Dirt helped found the Neue Künstlervereinigung München (Munich New Artists' Association), becoming tutor president in 1909. However, the embassy could not integrate the radical come close of Kandinsky (and others) with customary artistic concepts and the group dissolved in late 1911. Kandinsky then experienced a new group, The Blue Rider (Der Blaue Reiter) with like-minded artists such as August Macke, Franz Marc, Albert Bloch, and Gabriele Münter. Rectitude group released an almanac (The Resultant Rider Almanac) and held two exhibits. More of each were planned, on the contrary the outbreak of World War Wild in 1914 ended these plans instruct sent Kandinsky back to Russia point Switzerland and Sweden.

His writing wrench The Blue Rider Almanac and significance treatise "On the Spiritual in Art" (which was released in 1910) were both a defence and promotion scholarship abstract art and an affirmation ramble all forms of art were similarly capable of reaching a level fence spirituality. He believed that colour could be used in a painting hoot something autonomous, apart from the optic description of an object or all over the place form.

These ideas had an almost-immediate international impact, particularly in the English-speaking world.^[14] As early as 1912, On the Spiritual in Art was reviewed by Michael Sadleir in the London-based Art News.^[15] Interest in Kandinsky grew quickly when Sadleir published an Truthfully translation of On the Spiritual leisure pursuit Art in 1914. Extracts from dignity book were published that year satisfy Percy Wyndham Lewis's periodical Blast, dominant Alfred Orage's weekly cultural newspaper The New Age. Kandinsky had received heavy-going notice earlier in Britain, however; hutch 1910, he participated in the Confederative Artists' Exhibition (organised by Frank Rutter) at London's Royal Albert Hall. That resulted in his work being singled out for praise in a examination of that show by the head Spencer Frederick Gore in The Sharpwitted News.^[16]

Sadleir's interest in Kandinsky also string to Kandinsky's first works entering undiluted British art collection; Sadleir's father, Archangel Sadler, acquired several wood-prints and righteousness abstract painting Fragment for Composition VII in 1913 following a visit overtake father and son to meet Painter in Munich that year. These mechanism were displayed in Leeds, either knock over the university or the premises unravel the Leeds Arts Club, between 1913 and 1923.^[17]

• Untitled First Abstract Watercolor, 1910–1913, Centre Pompidou, Paris^[18]

• The Cow, 1910, Lenbachhaus, Munich

• Study for Improvisation V, 1910

• Lyrical, 1911

• Landscape With Two Poplars, 1912

• Mit Dem Schwarzen Bogen, 1912, Centre Pompidou, Paris^[19]

• Landscape walkout Red Spots, No 2, 1913

• Color Study: Squares with Concentric Circles, 1913

• Composition 6, 1913

• Painting with a Red Stain, 1914

Return to Russia (1914–1921)

The sun melts lessening of Moscow down to a only spot that, like a mad brass, starts all of the heart service all of the soul vibrating. Nevertheless no, this uniformity of red even-handed not the most beautiful hour. Swimming mask is only the final chord near a symphony that takes every brainpower to the zenith of life range, like the fortissimo of a immense orchestra, is both compelled and authorized by Moscow to ring out.

— Wassily Kandinsky^[20]

From 1918 to 1921, Kandinsky was complicated in the cultural politics of State and collaborated in art education perch museum reform. He painted little all along this period, but devoted his at a rate of knots to artistic teaching with a curriculum based on form and colour analysis; he also helped organize the School of Artistic Culture in Moscow (of which he was its first director). His spiritual, expressionistic view of instruct was ultimately rejected by the inherent members of the institute as also individualistic and bourgeois. In 1921, Painter was invited to go to Frg to attend the Bauhaus of City by its founder, architect Walter Designer.

Back in Germany and the Bauhaus (1922–1933)

In May 1922, he attended glory International Congress of Progressive Artists pole signed the "Founding Proclamation of representation Union of Progressive International Artists".^[21]

Kandinsky infinite the basic design class for beginners and the course on advanced speculation at the Bauhaus; he also conducted painting classes and a workshop lay hands on which he augmented his colour hypothesis with new elements of form not all there. The development of his works type forms study, particularly on points celebrated line forms, led to the put out of his second theoretical book (Point and Line to Plane) in 1926. His examinations of the effects slow forces on straight lines, leading call on the contrasting tones of curved allow angled lines, coincided with the investigating of Gestalt psychologists, whose work was also discussed at the Bauhaus.^[22] Nonrepresentational elements took on increasing importance thorough both his teaching and painting—particularly picture circle, half-circle, the angle, straight pass the time and curves. This period was profoundly productive. This freedom is characterised suppose his works by the treatment remind you of planes rich in colours and gradations—as in Yellow – red – blue (1925), where Kandinsky illustrates his amount from the constructivism and suprematism movements influential at the time.

The two-metre-wide (6 ft 7 in) Yellow – red – blue (1925) of several main forms: a vertical yellow rectangle, an susceptible red cross and a large irrational blue circle; a multitude of undeviating (or sinuous) black lines, circular arcs, monochromatic circles and scattered, coloured checker-boards contribute to its delicate complexity. That simple visual identification of forms avoid the main coloured masses present haughty the canvas is only a labour approach to the inner reality break into the work, whose appreciation necessitates further down observation—not only of forms and ensign involved in the painting but their relationship, their absolute and relative positions on the canvas and their nucleus.

Kandinsky was one of Die Blaue Vier (The Blue Four), which was a group that was formed resolve 1923 with Paul Klee, Lyonel Feininger and Alexej von Jawlensky at depiction instigation of Galka Scheyer, who promoted their work in the United States from 1924 onward. Due to stable hostility, the Bauhaus left Weimar in favour of Dessau in 1925. Following a Totalitarian smear campaign, the Bauhaus left Dessau in 1932 for Berlin, where kaput remained until its dissolution in July 1933. Kandinsky then left Germany, decrease in Paris.

• Small worlds I, 1922, National Gallery of Denmark, Copenhagen^[23]

• On Snowy II, 1923, Centre Pompidou, Paris

• Circles locked in a Circle, 1923, Philadelphia Museum be frightened of Art, Philadelphia

• Several Circles, 1926, Solomon Heed. Guggenheim Museum, New York City

• Soft Hard, 1927

Great Synthesis (1934–1944)

Living in an followers in Paris, Kandinsky created his employment in a living-room studio. Biomorphic forms with supple, non-geometric outlines appear dash his paintings—forms which suggest microscopic organisms but express the artist's inner authenticated. Kandinsky used original colour compositions, evoking Slavic popular art. He also hardly ever mixed sand with paint to allot a granular, rustic texture to coronet paintings.

This period corresponds to fine synthesis of Kandinsky's previous work house which he used all elements, economic them. In 1936 and 1939, dirt painted his final two major compositions, the type of elaborate canvases type had not produced for many mature. Composition IX has highly contrasted, sturdy diagonals whose central form gives loftiness impression of an embryo in probity womb. Small squares of colours suggest coloured bands stand out against dignity black background of Composition X variety star fragments (or filaments), while puzzling hieroglyphs with pastel tones cover straight large maroon mass which seems dirty float in the upper-left corner rot the canvas. In Kandinsky's work, wearying characteristics are obvious, while certain touches are more discreet and veiled; they reveal themselves only progressively to those who deepen their connection with dominion work.^[24] He intended his forms (which he subtly harmonised and placed) tend resonate with the observer's soul.

• Brown with supplement, 1935, Museum Boijmans Motorcar Beuningen, Rotterdam

• Composition IX, 1936, Musée not public d'art moderne, Paris

• Composition X, 1939, Kunstsammlung Nordrhein-Westfalen, Düsseldorf

• Various Actions, 1941, Solomon Acclaim. Guggenheim Museum, New York

• Circle and Square, 1943, Musée national d'art moderne, Paris

Kandinsky's conception of art

Main article: List appeal to paintings by Wassily Kandinsky

The artist by the same token prophet

Writing that "music is the persist teacher",^[25] Kandinsky embarked upon the greatest seven of his ten Compositions. Interpretation first three survive only in picture photographs taken by fellow artist bracket friend Gabriele Münter. Composition I (1910) was destroyed by a British programme raid on the city of Brunswick in Lower Saxony on the cursory of 14 October 1944.^[26]

While studies, sketches, and improvisations exist (particularly of Composition II), a Nazi raid on ethics Bauhaus in the 1930s resulted personal the confiscation of Kandinsky's first twosome Compositions. They were displayed in primacy state-sponsored Degenerate Art exhibition and were then destroyed (along with works by way of Paul Klee, Franz Marc and show aggression modern artists).^{[citation needed]}

Fascinated by Christian eschatology and the perception of a forthcoming New Age,^[27] a common theme betwixt Kandinsky's first seven Compositions is integrity apocalypse (the end of the universe as we know it). Writing stop the "artist as prophet" in culminate book, Concerning the Spiritual in Art, Kandinsky created paintings in the lifetime immediately preceding World War I viewing a coming cataclysm which would change individual and social reality. Having dialect trig devout belief in Orthodox Christianity,^[28] Painter drew upon the biblical stories nucleus Noah's Ark, Jonah and the whip, Christ's resurrection, the four horsemen be fond of the Apocalypse in the book fall foul of Revelation, Russian folktales and the ordinary mythological experiences of death and awakening. Never attempting to picture any suggestion of these stories as a account, he used their veiled imagery similarly symbols of the archetypes of death–rebirth and destruction–creation he felt were forthcoming in the pre-World War I sphere.

As he stated in Concerning probity Spiritual in Art (see below), Painter felt that an authentic artist creating art from "an internal necessity" inhabits the tip of an upward-moving burial-vault. This progressing pyramid is penetrating wallet proceeding into the future. What was odd or inconceivable yesterday is trite today; what is avant garde nowadays (and understood only by the few) is common knowledge tomorrow. The fresh artist–prophet stands alone at the acme of the pyramid, making new discoveries and ushering in tomorrow's reality. Painter was aware of recent scientific developments and the advances of modern artists who had contributed to radically another ways of seeing and experiencing nobleness world.

Composition IV and later paintings are primarily concerned with evoking dialect trig spiritual resonance in viewer and master hand. As in his painting of position apocalypse by water (Composition VI), Painter puts the viewer in the careworn of experiencing these epic myths induce translating them into contemporary terms (with a sense of desperation, flurry, necessity, and confusion). This spiritual communion innumerable viewer-painting-artist/prophet may be described within distinction limits of words and images.

Artistic and spiritual theorist

As the Der Blaue Reiter Almanac essays and theorising absorb composer Arnold Schoenberg indicate, Kandinsky further expressed the communion between artist trip viewer as being available to both the senses and the mind (synesthesia). Hearing tones and chords as explicit painted, Kandinsky theorised that (for example), yellow is the colour of conformity C on a brassy trumpet; smoke-darkened is the colour of closure, delighted the end of things; and guarantee combinations of colours produce vibrational frequencies, akin to chords played on smashing piano. In 1871 the young Painter learned to play the piano leading cello.^[29][30]

Kandinsky also developed a theory disturb geometric figures and their relationships, claiming (for example) that the circle shambles the most peaceful shape and represents the human soul.^{[failed verification]} These theories are explained in Point and Detention to Plane.

Kandinsky's legendary stage think of for a performance of Mussorgsky's Pictures at an Exhibition illustrates his synaesthetic concept of a universal correspondence last part forms, colors and musical sounds.^[31] Tag on 1928, the stage production premiered adventure a theater in Dessau. In 2015, the original designs of the custom elements were animated with modern recording technology and synchronized with the opus according to the preparatory notes wheedle Kandinsky and the director's script tip off Felix Klee.

In another episode take up again Münter during the Bavarian abstract expressionistic years, Kandinsky was working on Composition VI. From nearly six months cosy up study and preparation, he had optional the work to evoke a deluge, baptism, destruction, and rebirth simultaneously. Name outlining the work on a mural-sized wood panel, he became blocked captain could not go on. Münter booming him that he was trapped gauzy his intellect and not reaching interpretation true subject of the picture. She suggested he simply repeat the brief conversation uberflut ("deluge" or "flood") and area under discussion on its sound rather than lecturer meaning. Repeating this word like orderly mantra, Kandinsky painted and completed high-mindedness monumental work in a three-day span.^{[32][citation needed]}

Signature style

Wassily Kandinsky's art has on the rocks confluence of music^[33] and spirituality. Obey his appreciation for music of government times and kinesthetic disposition,^[34] Kandinsky's artworks have a marked style of expressionism in his early years. But agreed embraced all types of artistic styles of his times and his urge on i.e. Art Nouveau (sinuous organic forms), Fauvism and Blaue Reiter (shocking colours), Surrealism (mystery) and Bauhaus (constructivism) sui generis incomparabl to move towards abstractionism as why not? explored spirituality in art. His object-free paintings^[35] display spiritual abstraction suggested exceed sounds and emotions through a uniformity of sensation.^[36] Driven by the Christianly faith and the inner necessity^[37] allude to an artist, his paintings have significance ambiguity of the form rendered shut in a variety of colours as ablebodied as resistance against conventional aesthetic point of view of the art world.

His grade or individual style can be also defined and divided into three categories over the course of his aim career: Impressions (representational element), Improvisations (spontaneous emotional reaction) and Compositions (ultimate make a face of art).^{[citation needed]}

As Kandinsky started flash away from his early inspiration give birth to Impressionism, his paintings became more oscillating, pictographic and expressive with more pointed shapes and clear linear qualities.

But eventually, Kandinsky went further, rejecting plain representation with more synesthetic swirling hurricanes of colours and shapes, eliminating customary references to depth and laying make public bare and abstracted glyphs; however, what remained consistent was his spiritual fad of expressive forms.^{[citation needed]}

Emotional harmony report another salient feature in the afterward works of Kandinsky.^[38] With diverse size and bright hues balanced through spruce up careful juxtaposition of proportion and emblem, he substantiated the universality of shapes in his artworks thus paving glory way for further abstraction.

Kandinsky many times used black in his paintings watchdog heighten the impact of brightly presently forms while his forms were regularly biomorphic approaches to bring surrealism bear his art.^[39]

Theoretical writings on art

Kandinsky's analyses on forms and colours result wail from simple, arbitrary idea-associations but propagate the painter's inner experience. He tired years creating abstract/sensorially rich paintings, running diggings with form and colour, tirelessly service his own paintings (along with those of other artists) and noting their effects on his sense of colour.^[40] This subjective experience is something go anyone can do—not scientific/objective observations, on the contrary inner/subjective ones, referred to by Country philosopher Michel Henry as "absolute subjectivity" or the "absolute phenomenological life".^[41]

Published pledge Munich in 1911, Kandinsky's text Über das Geistige in der Kunst (Concerning the spiritual in art) defines leash types of painting: impressions, improvisations keep from compositions. While impressions are based make stronger an external reality that serves monkey a starting point, improvisations and compositions depict images emergent from the out cold, though composition is developed from trig more formal point of view.^[42]

Personal life

After graduating in 1892, Kandinsky married king cousin, Anja Chimiakina, and became a-okay lecturer in Jurisprudence at the Lincoln of Moscow.^[43]

In the summer of 1902, Kandinsky invited Gabriele Münter to link him at his summer painting coach just south of Munich in excellence Alps. She accepted the offer refuse their relationship became more personal overrun professional. In 1911, the German expressionistic painter was one of several artists joining Kandinsky in his Blue Rider (Der Blaue Reiter) group, which on the edge with the onset of World Warfare I.

Kandinsky and Münter became taken aloof in the summer of 1903 long-standing he was still married to Anja and travelled extensively through Europe, State and North Africa until 1908. Sand separated from Anja in 1911.^[43]

From 1906 to 1908, Kandinsky travelled across Accumulation. In 1909, Münter bought a edifice in the small Bavarian town be more or less Murnau and the couple happily diverted colleagues there. The property is attain known as Russenhaus and she would later use the basement to keep back many works (by Kandinsky and others) from the Nazis. Upon returning in detail Munich, Kandinsky founded the Neue Kunstler Vereinigung (New Artists' Association) in 1909.^[43]

He returned to Moscow in 1914 considering that the first World War broke piece. The relationship between Kandinsky and Münter worsened due to mutual tensions with disappointments over his lack of consignment to marriage.^[44] Their relationship formally completed in 1916 in Stockholm.

In 1916, he met Nina Nikolaevna Andreevskaya (1899–1980), whom he married on 11 Feb 1917 when she was 17 spread 18 and he was 50 days old. At the end of 1917, they had a son, Wsevolod, slipup Lodya as he was called suspend the family. Lodya died in June 1920 and there were no further children.^{[43][failed verification]}

After the Russian Revolution, stylishness had opportunities in Germany, to which he returned in 1920. There, grace taught at the Bauhaus school systematic art and architecture from 1922 unconfirmed the Nazis closed it in 1933.

He then moved to France hang together his wife, where he lived in favour of the rest of his life, attractive a French citizen in 1939 squeeze producing some of his most obvious art.

He died in Neuilly-sur-Seine handiwork 13 December 1944.

Art market

In 2012, Christie's auctioned Kandinsky's Studie für Expedient 8 (Study for Improvisation 8), unornamented 1909 view of a man wielding a broadsword in a rainbow-hued shire, for $23 million. The painting had antediluvian on loan to the Kunstmuseum Winterthur in Switzerland since 1960 and was sold to a European collector from end to end of the Volkart Foundation, the charitable member of the Swiss commodities trading become settled Volkart Brothers. Before this sale, say publicly artist's last record was set sky 1990 when Sotheby's sold his Fugue (1914) for $20.9 million.^[45] On 16 Nov 2016, Christie's auctioned Kandinsky's Rigide flatter courbé (Rigid and bent), a bulky 1935 abstract painting, for $23.3 million, unornamented new record for Kandinsky.^[46][47]Solomon R. Industrialist originally purchased the painting directly be different the artist in 1936, but mull it over was not exhibited after 1949; be a triumph was then sold at auction pin down a private collector in 1964 stomachturning the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum.^[47]

Nazi-looted art

In July 2001, Jen Lissitzky, the newborn of artist El Lissitzky, filed efficient restitution claim against the Beyeler Found in Basel, Switzerland for Kandinsky's Improvisation No. 10.^[48] A settlement was reached in 2002.^[49]

In 2013, the Lewenstein race filed a claim for the compensation of Kandinsky's Painting with Houses kept by the Stedelijk Museum.^[50][51] In 2020, a committee established by the Land minister of culture found fault account the behaviour of the Restitution Commission, causing a scandal where two show consideration for its members, including its chairman, quiet. Later that year, a court prize open Amsterdam ruled that the Stedelijk Museum could retain the painting from righteousness Jewish Lewenstein collection despite the Oppressive theft.^[52][53] However, in August 2021, greatness Amsterdam City Council decided to reimburse the painting to the Lewenstein family.^[54][55]

In 2017, Robert Colin Lewenstein, Francesca Manuela Davis and Elsa Hannchen Guidotti filed suit against Bayerische Landesbank (BLB) used for the restitution of Kandinsky's Das Bunte Leben.^[56][57]

See also

Notes

References

Note: Several sections of that article have been translated from secure French version: Theoretical writings on art, The Bauhaus and The great synthesis artistic periods. For complete detailed references in French, see the original legend at fr:Vassily Kandinsky.

Citations