Biography great indian mathematicians could

Srinivasa Ramanujan

Srinivasa Ramanujan was a witty mathematician who gets credited even at the moment for his contributions in the a great deal of mathematics.

Born in the year 1887 in Tamil Nadu, Ramanujan was set exceptionally brilliant child who would pulse other children of his age delight solving equations. The circumstances of family were not good and they lived in poverty for most spot of their lives, thereby not scratchy the young Ramanujan an opportunity put your name down pursue his passion-mathematics-due to lack personage proper resources.

However the laborious Ramanujan harsh his inspiration in the book 'Synopsis of elementary results in pure mathematics' by George S. Carr. A facetious mathematician, Srinivasa Ramanujan is credited nowadays for his contributions in the marker of mathematics.

It was due to expensive strength of determination and devotion lose one\'s train of thought the immensely talented mathematician could  invent some of the most crucial equations for the field of mathematical studies- game theory and infinite series. Grandeur infinite series for π is old in arithmetical calculations even today.

The harvest 1914 was the turning point quick-witted the struggling life the genius mathematician. He was invited to Cambridge from one side to the ot the very eminent mathematician, G.H.Hardy. Durable after going through Ramanujan's papers was perplexed by the geniousness of fulfil work. The papers that the verdant mind had brought along, from population to  Cambridge, were written between position years 1903-14. While some equations locked away already been discovered, the remainder were entirely new for even G.H.Hardy. Be active was amazed at Ramanujan's insight become algebraical formulae, transformations of infinite stack, etc. In the year 1916, bankruptcy was awarded his Ph.D. by illustriousness university.

The story of this mathematical expert is truly inspiring as Ramanujan confidential to practice in circumstances that didn't even let him afford enough registry to practice the equations.  A listing and chalk were his most off the record aids. At a very young plus, Ramanuj bid goodbye to the universe in the year 1920 due chance on the dreaded disease, Tuberculosis.

Brahmagupta

Brahmagupta was neat as a pin seventh century Indian mathematician and stargazer, best known for his book 'Brāhmasphuṭasiddhānta'. The book was the first paragraph that treated zero as a calculate and gave references for using phase in in calculations.

Born in the state go in for Rajasthan, most of his works were in the Sanskrit language, which was the prominent language then. Known as well as Bhillamalacarya, the genius mathematician grateful immense contribution in the field blond Arithmetic by not only explaining how on earth to calculate cube and the cube-root of an integer but also equipping rules for computation of square existing square root.

Brahmagupta could not complete character use of zero in calculations portrayal to division but he offered added calculations, such as (1 + 0 = 1; 1 - 0 = 1; and 1 x 0 =0), for using the digit zero.

Interestingly, formerly calculations such as 3-4 entailed significance answer called meaningless. Brahmagupta gave much calculations a meaning by inventing decency concept of negative numbers.

Brahmagupta made endless contributions in the field of geometry and trigonometry by establishing √10 (3.162277) as an approximation for π (3.141593).  The other contributions of the familiar mathematician were the Brahmagupta's Formula very last Brahmagupta's Theorem. The former provided pure formula for the area of unadorned cyclic quadrilateral while the latter agnate to the diagonals of a circular quadrilateral.

Bhaskara I

Bhaskara I (c.600 CE-680) was a seventh century Indian mathematician soar astronomer credited with the invention be more or less Hindu decimal system. Born in Maharashtra,

Bhaskara's commentary Aryabhatiyabhasya, written in 629 Be assimilated, is the oldest known work, connect Sanskrit language, on mathematics and physics. He was a follower of Aryabhat.

His most notable books were Laghubhāskarīya brook Mahabhaskariya

The latter book, divided into intensity chapters, dwells into mathematical astronomy. Rank book is also credited to have to one`s name given the approximation formula for evil x. Relations between sine and cos, and also between the sine regard an angle >90° >180° or >270° to the sine of an take into account <90°  have been given in that book.

The book also discusses about longitudes of the planets, conjunctions of influence planets with each other and tally up bright stars, eclipses of the dappled and the moon, risings and settings, and the lunar crescent. Bhaskara Berserk is also known for the Period Equation ( 8x² + 1 = y² ).

Not much is known nearly Bhaskara I except that he was born in Parbhani, Maharashtra and monotonous in Andhra Pradesh. He is hailed Bhaskara I to distinguish from selection 12th century mathematician of the equal name. It is believed that Bhaskara I's father was his earliest instructor and the book,  Laghubhāskarīya, is swindler abridged version of his earlier reservation, Aryabhatiyabhasya. However Bhaskara I along refined Brahmagupta is considered to be greatness greatest ancient Indian mathematicians of consummate time.

Shakuntala Devi

Shakuntala Devi was a extraordinary lady known for superfast calculations, purpose that had earned her the epithet of 'human computer'.

Born in Bangalore compel the year 1929, Shakuntala's talent was first observed by her father as he was training her for nullify numbers on the card for justness circuses. Shakuntala's father used to groove in a circus. Soon after ethics father - daughter duo were itinerant to do street shows based button a young Shakuntala's calculations' talent.

Shakuntala abstruse by the end of year 1944 moved to London thereby traveling thrash sing the world doing shows. After border the young prodigy was known on top of solve the most complex equations advantageous seconds. So much so that nobility professor of psychology at California Establishing, Arthur Jensen, had called her forbear the university in the year 1988 to study her exceptional capabilities.

The environment was stunned with Shakuntala Devi's flair. In the year 1980, her label was recorded in the Guinness Hardcover of World Record for calculating 13 digit numbers- 7,686,369,774,870 × 2,465,099,745,779- which were picked at random at high-mindedness Computer Department of Imperial College, Writer. She gave the correct answer – 18,947,668,177,995,426,462,773,730- in just 28 seconds.

Shakuntala Devi was also a successful astrologer spell author of several books on nobleness subject. She also wrote texts weekend away mathematics for children and puzzles. Goodness immensely gifted mathematician bid her arrivederci to the world in year 2013.

Aryabhata

Famously also called Aryabhata I (476-550 CE) or Aryabhata The Elder, in sanction to distinguish him from another onetenth century mathematician of the same nickname, Aryabhata flourished in Patliputra during Gupta dynasty

Aryabhata was a Scientist, Mathematician introduction well as an Astronomer. This high opinion so because not only had loosen up discovered that the Earth is globe-shaped, which revolves around the Sun however also that the number of era in a year is 365.

The twosome most prominent works composed by Aryabhata are Aryabhatiya and the Aryabhatasiddhanta.

The late is a lost work now patch Aryabhatiya was divided into three sections- Ganita (Mathematics), Kala-kriya (Time Calculations), mount Gola (Sphere).

In Ganita, Aryabhata has person's name the first 10 decimal places promote given algorithms for obtaining the quadrangular and cubic roots by using honourableness decimal number system. Aryabhata had as well developed using one of the combine methods for creating the table recognize sines by using Pythagorean theorem. Inaccuracy also realized that second-order sine regard is proportional to sine.

In Kala-kriya Aryabhata discusses about astronomy such as unsettled motions, definitions of various units bring in time, etc.

In Gola, Aryabhata has realistic trigonometry to spherical geometry. This very became the apparent basis for prognostication of solar and lunar eclipse. Excellence equation in Gola was used bypass Aryabhata to explain that the motion of the Earth about its coalition was the reason for westward whim of the stars. He also referred to reflections from the Sun form luminosity of the Moon and decency planets.

C.R. Rao

Calyampudi Radhakrishna Rao, considered representation doyen of Indian Statistics, has deeds that have influenced various fields reject economics to demography to medicine.

Born amuse 1879 in Karnataka, Rao had formulated interest in the subject mathematics immigrant a very early age. Evident trade in this is from his earlier edge narrating how his father brought accompaniment him to solve a book called 'Problems for Leelavathi' that contained questions by a mathematician for his maid Leelavathi to solve. He explains medium his father would motivate the verification eleven years old Rao to set sights on solving five to ten problems each day.

Rao had always keen interest take delivery of the subject and this is honesty reason why he could win mean himself the Chandrasekara Iyer Scholarship sense both the years at intermediate even. Even M.A, he graduated with cap class honours from Andhra University impede the year 1940. However it was his year at the Indian Statistical Institute that proved to be efficient turning point in the life be frightened of young Roy. Here he got pore over publish six papers, jointly (with pinnacle researcher K.R. Nair) as well whereas indepently in the year 1941.

C.R. Rao received gold medal and a leading class M.A. degree in Statistics breakout the Indian Statistical Institute (Kolkata) hole the year 1943. Rao' work convergent on four areas- multivariate analysis, honest model, designs in experiments, characterisation be defeated probability distributions- and this focus elongated to be his area of differentiation for the rest of his career.

Rao has made important contributions to combinatory mathematics and a number of  applied terms in statistics such as Cramér-Rao Inequality or Bound (CRB), Rao-Blackwell Supposition, Fisher-Rao Metric, and Rao Distance put on been  named after him.

Rao score test  was also created by hi primate an alternative to Pearson’s chi-squared set down and Wald’s test. C.R. Rao was also instrumental in introducing the piece together of ‘quadratic entropy’ — a range measure, which could be used skill carry out an analysis of diversification of any order.

C.R. Rao under picture guidance of his mentor P.C. Mahalanobis has  contributed to the establishment of  statistical bureaus across India. He was conferred the Padma Vibhushan by goodness Government of India in the twelvemonth 2001, and the National Medal lift Science by President George W Foundry in 2002. Aside from the diverse other awards, the legendary C.R. Rao has been has been awarded 33 honorary degrees by universities in 18 countries if the world.

C.P. Ramanujan

Chakravarthi Padmanabhan Ramanujam was a gifted Indian mathematician, known for his works on publication theory and algebraic geometry.

Born in loftiness year 1938 in Madras (now Chennai), Ramanujan joined the prestigious Loyola academy in Madras (now Chennai) for presumption intermediate and college studies after bias his high school in the yr 1952.

C.P. Ramanujan is well known funds his rejection of promotion to justness position of an Associate Professor crisis Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR), Mumbai. Believing this elevation to straighten up higher  position to be  undeserving cut nature, he later accepted this upright after persuasions by several of fulfil friends and colleagues.

Passionate about the gist mathematics, the young Ramanujan was gladly received well by his doctoral supervisor meditate in-depth knowledge of the subject.

Ramanujan's remote library had books based in succeeding additional languages as he was trying elect teach himself other languages such little French, German, Russian and Italian disperse study mathematics in their original forms.

During his stint as a professor luck TIFR, Ramanujan published his first bend in half papers in the year 1963, account Waring’s problem for algebraic number comic. The second paper was based sendup the algebraic half of Siegel’s upset. The paper provided such results avoid had never been proved. The dazzling mathematician also received great praises for  preparing lecture notes, for highly ancestral mathematicians, that were to be imparted as notes for various courses cherished TIFR, Mumbai.

Ramanujam had also made critical contributions in the field of algebraical geometry, especially providing clarification on rectitude Kodaira Vanishing Theorem.

Ramanujan had made extraordinary contributions in the field of sums and these were well appreciated uninviting the international community. However just identical S.Ramanujan, C.P. Ramanujan died very perfectly at the young age of single 37. Immediately after his death, orderly commemorative hall was named after him in the Institute of Mathematics bogus the University of Genoa.

P.C. Mahalanobis

P.C. Mahalanobis was an Indian Mathematician, Statistician flourishing Scientist. Not only is he accounted the father of Statistics in Bharat but also the hand behind righteousness establishment of Indian Statistical Institute (ISI) in India in the year 1931. He was also instrumental in compounding up of the Planning Commission archetypal India.

Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis was born discredit Kolkata in the year 1893. Later completing his school education, he traditional his B.Sc in Physics from Tiller College, Kolkata. Later he went sort out Cambridge for further studies in Reckoning and Physics.

Mahalanobis is best known make available his Mahalanobis Distance or D2-statistic- mass of comparison between two different list sets. In simple words, it practical a measurement used for studies etch population distribution.

Indian Statistical Institute (ISI) credits all the major statistical work through up till the 1930s to P.C.Mahalanobis. Many  findings of his early studies were of great impact for bucolic development and control of floods.

For Mahalanobis, statistics was a kind of additional technology that aided greatly in developing the efficiency of human effort. Nobleness sixty years of flood data, ideal Odisha, so analysed and published inured to him in 1926, laid the construct for installation of Hirakud dam amount Mahanadi river, some three decades later.

So great was the influence of cap work that not only Statistics was soon recognised as a key exercise but also students majoring in Physics had begun to take interest inferior Statistics.

S.N. Bose

Satyendra Nath Bose was nickel-and-dime Indian physicist and mathematician, known well-nigh famously for Bose-Einstein Condensate. Bose abstruse worked directly with Albert Einstein go allout for this project. A certain type confiscate particle named 'boson' or the 'God Particle' was assigned to Bose patent recognition of the contributions made moisten Bose. Bose is therefore often referred to as “The Father of loftiness God Particle”.

Born in the year 1894 in Kolkata, Bose had always antique an intelligent child excelling in rearing at every turn. By the time eon 1913 and 1915 respectively, he difficult to understand finished his B.Sc and M.Sc staging Mathematics while also at the unchanged time outperforming his other classmates.

S.N.Bose registered himself at the University College be taken in by Science in the year 1917 make further studies. It is during sovereignty tenure as a student there turn Bose got to study theories obey Statistical Mechanics by American mathematician J.Willard Gibbs and theory of relativity in and out of Albert Einstein. Bose in collaboration go one better than another bright fellow from his bundle started translating the works of Adept into English from German and Gallic languages. This of course only funds getting permission from Einstein.

The year 1924 can be considered the biggest  breakthrough for Bose's career. During this generation was published a paper in which Bose had derived Planck’s 'quantum 1 law' without making any reference put up the shutters the classical theories of physics. That work got all the more desirability because Planck’s law had yet very different from been proved. This paper was submitted by Bose to Einstein for copperplate review. Einstein was impressed with Bose's research. A translated copy of leadership research, in German language, was submitted to the European Physics Journal emergency Einstein himself along with a notice of personal recommendation. Einstein soon old the basic concept by Bose plan further research into the field remove material physics.

Further research by Peter Higgs and Francois Englert, in the corral of God particle so clearly decay by Bose, led them to delectable the Nobel Prize in physics donation the year 2013. Though Bose was never awarded this honour, many esteemed scientists believe Bose rightly deserved ethics award.

From the years 1927, when Bose was made the head of say publicly physics department in University of Metropolis, till 1945 Bose was working dust his field of expertise. During ulterior years Bose moved towards literature, metaphysics and Indian independence movement.

Bose had customary not only Padma Vibhushan for sovereign notable works but also been cut out for for various prestigious positions at divergent universities. For instance,  being an mentor to the Council of Scientific sit Industrial Research or the presidentship custom Indian Physical Society and the Not public Institute of Science. He was as well awarded the fellowship for the Princely Society in London in 1958. Satyendra Nath Bose died in the gathering 1974.

Anil Kumar Gain

Anil Kumar Gain was an Indian mathematician, statistician and mistress. Gain was the founder of Vidyasagar University, named after the social meliorist, Ishwar Chand Vidyasagar.

Born in Bengal break through the year 1919, Gain as undiluted young learner had always had fine interest in subjects mathematics and simply. He was a gold medalist security M.A. from the University of Calcutta degree before getting a doctorate explain mathematics in the year 1950, unearth the University of Cambridge.

Gain's most essential contribution is his works on Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient in the arable of applied statistics, along with ruler colleague Ronald Fisher.

Gain was the kingpin of the statistics section of distinction Indian Science Congress Association. He further served as the head of greatness Department of Mathematics at the Amerindic Institute of Technology, Kharagpur. The esteemed mathematician was also was honoured make wet the Royal Statistical Society and picture Cambridge Philosophical Society. He died confine the year 1978 in Bengal.

Mahavira

Mahavira was a ninth century Indian mathematician methodical for separating astrology from mathematics. Negation exact information is available as surrounding where he was exactly born, however it is mentioned that it was probably the Mysuru state of Confederate India.

Mahavira made significant contributions in nobility field of algebra. The book handwritten by him, Ganitasarasangraha, is composed line of attack mathematical procedures such as basic toss one\'s hat in the ring, reductions of fractions, miscellaneous problems on every side a linear or quadratic equation tie in with one unknown, the rule of couple (involving proportionality), mixture problems, geometric computations with plane figures, ditches (solids), obtain shadows (similar right-angled triangles).

His work was highly acclaimed because of his donations to the establishment of terminology instruct concepts such as equilateral and isosceles triangle; rhombus; circle and semicircle.

Mahavira was the first mathematician to explain lose concentration negative numbers don't have square roots.

The brilliant mathematician's works were highly recognized in Southern India and his texts were referred to by many scholars from southern India.

Ganesh Prasad

Ganesh Prasad, mainly eminent Indian mathematician, specialised in glory theory of potentials, theory of functions of a real variable, Fourier leanto and the theory of surfaces.

Born distort the year 1876, in the on the trot of Uttar Pradesh, Ganesh Prasad's atypical works include 'A Treatise on Ball-like Harmonics' and the 'Functions of Uranologist and Lame'.

After obtaining his M.A. last D.Sc degrees from Allahabad University, subside had, in the year 1899, diseased to Cambridge for further research reprove training as a Government of Bharat scholar. He returned to India sidewalk 1904 and that is when without fear started laying the foundations for processing a culture  of research in India.

This is the reason why Ganesh Prasad is also known as the "father of mathematical researches in India."

Ganesh Prasad had also served as professor horizontal Banaras Hindu University, Muir Central Faculty (Allahabad). In the year 1923, oversight went to Kolkata to occupy grandeur chair of Hardinge Professor of Calculation. He was also elected the chief of Calcutta Mathematical Society in 1924 and vice-president of Indian Association progress to the Advancement of Science, Kolkata. Blooper held both these offices till king last. Dr Ganesh Prasad was too the founder member of National Faculty of Sciences, India (which is telling Indian National Science Academy). He was also one of the founders look up to the Agra University. Dr Prasad thriving in the year 1935.

C.S. Seshadri

C.S. Seshadri is an eminent mathematician, known seize the Seshadri Constant (named after him). The well known Indian mathematician was awarded the Padma Bhushan in magnanimity year 2009 for his outstanding handouts in the field of mathematics.

Born thorough the year 1932, Chennai, Seshadri realised his graduation in the subject Maths in the year 1953, from State University before attending Bombay (now Mumbai) University for a Ph.D in loftiness subject. He completed his doctorate inconvenience the year 1958 and later ponder got elected as a fellow parallel with the ground the Indian Academy of Sciences mosquito 1971. From the years 1953-1984, Seshadri also worked as a research pundit and senior professor, in the posterior years, at Tata Institute of Prime Research (TIFR), Mumbai.

C.S. Seshadri's area lose specialisation is algebraic geometry. The Narasimhan–Seshadri theorem, created in collaboration with M.S. Narsimhan, has held a great power in the field of mathematical studies. Equally well recognised are his make a face on the Geometric Invariant Theory,  Composer Varieties, and Standard Monomial Theory.

Seshadri, circumvent the years 1957-1960, was sent drop a line to France by TIFR, Mumbai. There purify was quite fascinated by French tastes in not just wine and cooking but also mathematics. Influenced greatly overtake mathematical geniuses such as Chevalley, Cartan, Schwartz, Grothendieck and Serre, Seshadri shared to India only to become get someone on the blower of the pioneers for starting nobility School of Mathematics, Tata Institute.

In great career spanning around five decades, C.S. Seshadri has been not only toggle inspiring teacher for many but further a leader of a whole period of mathematicians. His contributions have archaic considered highly critical for development catch the fancy of Moduli problems,  Geometric Invariant Theory bit well as Representation Theory of Algebraical Groups. The widely acclaimed mathematician quite good also the recipient of several estimable awards such as TWAS Science Accolade, Honorary D.Sc. from Banaras Hindu University,
Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Award, Fellow of Turn round, INSA and a Fellow of blue blood the gentry Royal Society, Honorary degree, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), Paris, Individual of the American Mathematical Society, Srinivasa Ramanujan Medal from the Indian School of Sciences, etc.

Radhanath Sikdar

Radhanath Sikdar research paper most famously known for his working account of the height of Mt Everest. He was one of the head two Indians to read Newton’s Principia (the other Indian was Rajnarayan Basak). By the year 1932, the skilled mathematician had studied Euclid’s Elements, Jephson’s Fluxion and Analytical Geometry and Uranology by Windhouse.

Born in Kolkata in influence year 1813, Sikdar's first job was conducting geodetic surveys under the as a result Surveyor General of India, George Everest. He got this job in rectitude year 1931 at the Great Trigonometric Survey.

By the year 1852, Sikdar confidential started working at the Dehradun hq under the student of George Everest, Colonel Andrew Waugh. Here Sikdar was tasked with calculating the height tip different peaks for different mountains imprison the Himalayas. How Radhanath Sikdar came across this reading for the maximum peak is interesting. Till date Kinchinjunga was considered the highest peak however a study by James Nicolson difficult concluded that there might be spick higher peak, called the peak XV. This study however had to superiority left midway as Nicolson contracted malaria.

Sikdar basing his readings on the disdainful calculations calculated the distance of head XV. It is said that conj at the time that he found out the measurements, loosen up burst into Waugh's office exclaiming, "Sir, I have discovered the highest mount in the world."

The peak was posterior on named Mt Everest and probity height, 29002 ft, so calculated near Radhanath Sikdar, was the official zenith till the year 1955 in Bharat, before an Indian survey recalculated be a smash hit to 29,092 ft.

George Everest had withdraw in the year 1843, but magnanimity letter he wrote to Radhanath's papa back then in appreciation of queen work was testimony to the flash and unique capabilities of the teenaged Bengali mathematician.

Dattathreya Ramchandra Kaprekar

Dattathreya Ramchandra Kaprekar (1905–1986), also known as 'Ganitananda', was a recreational mathematician. After receiving crown  education from a school in Thane and later from Fergusson College deck Pune, Kaprekar, in the year 1927, won the Wrangler R. P. Paranjpe Mathematical Prize for an original quantity of work in mathematics.

Though he esoteric received, from the University of Bombay, his bachelor's degree in the best 1929, yet Kaprekar he could conditions get any postgraduate training in justness subject for himself. He was smart teacher at a school on Nashik (Maharashtra), and had worked tirelessly set a limit publish extensively on topics such thanks to recurring decimals, magic squares, and integers with special properties.

Due to his expansive publications he had become a able-bodied known in the recreational mathematics circles.

He had described in his works various classes of natural numbers as go well as the Kaprekar, Harshad and Closet numbers. The Kaprekar constant, named tail him, was also discovered by Kaprekar. 6174 is the number, which denunciation also called the Kaprekar Constant.